{"id":9460,"date":"2023-05-26T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/?p=9460"},"modified":"2023-05-26T10:12:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T14:12:00","slug":"banker-turned-changemaker-solving-the-wicked-problem-of-charcoal-for-cooking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/fr\/banker-turned-changemaker-solving-the-wicked-problem-of-charcoal-for-cooking\/","title":{"rendered":"Un banquier devenu acteur du changement r\u00e9solvant le probl\u00e8me \u00e9pineux du charbon de bois pour la cuisine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans cet article publi\u00e9 dans The Medium, <strong>Ayuing\u00e9nieur<\/strong>\u00a0interviewe Sylvia Herzog, directrice de The Charcoal Project :<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2597\" class=\"pw-subtitle-paragraph ft eu ev be b fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi cp gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\"><em class=\"fs\">Une entrevue avec Sylvia Herzog, directrice de The Charcoal Project<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"xp xq xr xs xt\">\n<div class=\"speechify-ignore ab co\">\n<div class=\"speechify-ignore bg l\">\n<div class=\"gp gq gr gs gt ab\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"ab gu\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"bl\" aria-hidden=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"320\" aria-labelledby=\"320\">\n<div class=\"l gv gw bx gx gy\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ab co hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik\">\n<div class=\"ab q il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix xu xv\">\n<div class=\"h k\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"bl\" aria-hidden=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"323\" aria-labelledby=\"323\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Les professeurs de l&#039;Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 Berkeley, Melvin Webber et Horst Rittel, ont publi\u00e9 un article fondateur en 1973 d\u00e9crivant &#039;<\/span><strong class=\"la ew\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9chants<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">&#039;. Ils ont \u00e9mis l&#039;hypoth\u00e8se qu&#039;il s&#039;agit de probl\u00e8mes complexes et difficiles qui d\u00e9fient les solutions simples en raison de leur interd\u00e9pendance, de leur ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et de l&#039;implication de multiples parties prenantes aux perspectives diverses. Ces probl\u00e8mes manquent souvent de limites claires, n&#039;ont pas de solutions d\u00e9finitives et sont influenc\u00e9s par des facteurs sociaux, \u00e9conomiques, politiques et environnementaux. Ce sont aussi souvent de gros probl\u00e8mes affectant l&#039;humanit\u00e9 \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et demandant essentiellement des solutions imm\u00e9diates, qui h\u00e9las ne viennent pas facilement.<\/span><\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"323\" aria-labelledby=\"323\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ec qa cm\">\n<div class=\"l ae\">\n<div class=\"ab ca\">\n<div class=\"qb qc qd qe qf md ch bg\">\n<div class=\"ab\">\n<div class=\"bl\" style=\"text-align: center;\" aria-hidden=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"324\" aria-labelledby=\"324\">\n<figure class=\"lx ly lz ma mb mc lu lv paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"lu lv lw\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1024\/format:webp\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 1024w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1024\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 512px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg md me c aligncenter\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:512\/1*14oQdFHgk5RrsPnx5GF4VQ.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"618\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"mf mg mh lu lv mi mj be b bf z gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"c3e7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">L&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois pour la cuisson en Afrique sub-saharienne et en Asie du Sud est l&#039;un de ces probl\u00e8mes n\u00e9fastes affectant la sant\u00e9, l&#039;environnement et l&#039;avenir \u00e9conomique de milliards de personnes. Heureusement, des solutions tout aussi compl\u00e8tes sont en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d0c9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><a class=\"af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/m\/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fplans%3Fdimension%3Dpost_audio_button%26postId%3Def254a44ee60&amp;operation=register&amp;redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40ayuengineer90%2Fbanker-turned-changemaker-solving-the-wicked-problem-of-charcoal-for-cooking-ef254a44ee60&amp;source=-----ef254a44ee60---------------------post_audio_button-----------\" rel=\"noopener follow\">Dans cet article, j&#039;ai interview\u00e9 une banqui\u00e8re devenue changemaker, Sylvia Herzog de <\/a><a class=\"af mk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">Le projet de charbon de bois<\/a>, une agr\u00e9gation d&#039;experts b\u00e9n\u00e9voles ax\u00e9s sur la r\u00e9solution de ce probl\u00e8me \u00e9pineux en combinant technologie, sciences sociales et empathie envers les utilisateurs.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"lx ly lz ma mb mc lu lv paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mm mn hc mo bg mp\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"lu lv ml\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg md me c aligncenter\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:700\/1*v5jxyQPYKGbhV70RiMcOeg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"822\" height=\"547\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"mf mg mh lu lv mi mj be b bf z gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Sylvia Herzog (deuxi\u00e8me rang\u00e9e, chemisier blanc) avec le groupe Harvest Fuel Initiative Kenya regardant une d\u00e9monstration de fabrication de charbon de bois durable au Woodlands Trust pr\u00e8s de Machakos, au Kenya.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"73dd\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"la ew\">L&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois pour la cuisine est un probl\u00e8me qui touche pr\u00e8s de 3 milliards de personnes avec de graves cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques, humanitaires et climatiques. Pouvez-vous nous en dire plus sur ce probl\u00e8me ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"cd8a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">L&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois pour la cuisine est un probl\u00e8me important qui affecte une grande partie de la population mondiale, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne et en Asie du Sud. Le charbon de bois est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 par les citadins en raison de sa commodit\u00e9 et de ses co\u00fbts relativement bas par rapport aux autres combustibles, de sorte que l&#039;urbanisation accrue et la croissance d\u00e9mographique ont exacerb\u00e9 son utilisation. Bien que l&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois puisse avoir des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9, il s&#039;agit d&#039;une combustion plus propre que le bois, donc pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les environnements urbains o\u00f9 la cuisson \u00e0 l&#039;ext\u00e9rieur est plus limit\u00e9e. De nombreuses cultures pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent le go\u00fbt des aliments cuits au charbon de bois, ce qui ajoute \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 passer \u00e0 d&#039;autres types de combustibles.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4354\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Le charbon de bois est fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d&#039;arbres r\u00e9colt\u00e9s qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 br\u00fbl\u00e9s dans un environnement \u00e0 faible teneur en oxyg\u00e8ne, un processus qui lib\u00e8re des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et d&#039;autres polluants. Le charbon de bois est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement produit dans le secteur informel, de sorte que les m\u00e9thodes et techniques de production peuvent ne pas \u00eatre efficaces, provoquant plus de d\u00e9forestation que n\u00e9cessaire. La demande accrue de charbon de bois exerce une pression insoutenable sur les for\u00eats, entra\u00eenant une d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats et des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9vastatrices pour l&#039;environnement et les communaut\u00e9s qui d\u00e9pendent de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9a49\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Le charbon de bois est au carrefour des probl\u00e8mes de pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, de sant\u00e9, d&#039;environnement, de culture et de croissance \u00e9conomique. Les solutions doivent donc tenir compte de tous ces facteurs. C&#039;est une grande partie des moyens de subsistance des populations et on estime qu&#039;elle emploie des millions de personnes \u00e0 travers l&#039;Afrique, en particulier dans les zones rurales o\u00f9 les opportunit\u00e9s d&#039;emploi alternatives peuvent \u00eatre limit\u00e9es. En raison de cela et du statut du charbon de bois en tant que combustible \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt facilement disponible, les options politiques doivent se concentrer sur la transition vers des options plus durables plut\u00f4t que sur des interdictions pures et simples ou d&#039;autres mesures perturbatrices.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d4e4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"la ew\">Quels sont certains des r\u00e9sultats imm\u00e9diats et \u00e0 long terme de la r\u00e9solution du probl\u00e8me du charbon sale et quelles solutions trouvez-vous les plus prometteuses\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"b7fe\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Premi\u00e8rement, reconna\u00eetre que le charbon de bois fait partie int\u00e9grante du mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des m\u00e9nages et ne va pas dispara\u00eetre de si t\u00f4t serait un grand pas en avant pour travailler sur des solutions durables. Les producteurs doivent \u00eatre encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 adopter des m\u00e9thodes durables pour la r\u00e9colte et la replantation des arbres, pour la production et pour la distribution. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des utilisateurs, les foyers am\u00e9lior\u00e9s r\u00e9duisent la quantit\u00e9 de combustible n\u00e9cessaire et r\u00e9duisent la pollution de l&#039;air int\u00e9rieur. Les options \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques alternatives telles que les autocuiseurs \u00e9lectriques et le GPL sont de plus en plus disponibles, mais peuvent toujours \u00eatre \u00e0 des prix trop \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour remplacer l&#039;\u00e9nergie du bois.<\/p>\n<p id=\"edaf\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u00c0 court terme, une approche plus durable du charbon de bois ralentira la d\u00e9forestation tout en offrant aux m\u00e9nages une option de carburant relativement peu co\u00fbteuse lors de leur transition vers des alternatives de carburant plus respectueuses de l&#039;environnement. \u00c0 long terme, l&#039;abandon du charbon de bois r\u00e9duira la pression sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers et conduira \u00e0 une utilisation plus \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e des ressources en bois.<\/p>\n<p id=\"cb9b\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Certaines des alternatives au charbon de bois traditionnel que nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons sont les briquettes de charbon de bois fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de flux de d\u00e9chets recycl\u00e9s, les autocuiseurs \u00e9lectriques et les paniers de cuisson, qui permettent tous aux consommateurs d&#039;\u00e9conomiser de l&#039;argent sur le carburant et n&#039;ont pas d&#039;impact sur les for\u00eats.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"lx ly lz ma mb mc lu lv paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"lu lv mq\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:486\/format:webp\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 486w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:486\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png 486w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 243px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg md me c aligncenter\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:243\/1*Kyj2gjhWGtICIf_UkLmp5w.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"480\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"mf mg mh lu lv mi mj be b bf z gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Betty Zizinga Kaddu, Best of Waste, Ouganda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"lx ly lz ma mb mc lu lv paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"lu lv mr\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:524\/format:webp\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 524w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 262px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:524\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png 524w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 262px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg md me c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:262\/1*yzwzCAk4CWpDWR-h-TWzIg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"315\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"mf mg mh lu lv mi mj be b bf z gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Cooking Basking, Raising Gabdho Foundation\/Zeed Energy, Ouganda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"0c4d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"la ew\">Parlez-nous de l&#039;approche et des solutions d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par The Charcoal Project.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"a8fe\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">TCP s&#039;efforce de r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me par le biais de la recherche sur les politiques, du plaidoyer et de la programmation pratique. Notre objectif est de diffuser des informations sur le secteur aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques, universitaires, entrepreneurs, m\u00e9nages et autres parties prenantes.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ccf5\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Nous avons r\u00e9cemment termin\u00e9 une \u00e9tude sur la capacit\u00e9 des nations africaines \u00e0 adopter des politiques durables en mati\u00e8re de charbon de bois, que l&#039;on peut trouver <a class=\"af mk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cc3413en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">ici<\/a>. Cette \u00e9tude a produit une tonne de donn\u00e9es qui, nous l&#039;esp\u00e9rons, engendreront des \u00e9tudes suppl\u00e9mentaires sur ce sujet important.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fcff\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Nous avons beaucoup travaill\u00e9 avec le secteur des briquettes de charbon de bois pour aider les producteurs \u00e0 atteindre l&#039;\u00e9chelle et \u00e0 commercialiser cette alternative \u00e9cologique au charbon de bois. Ensemble avec <a class=\"af mk\" href=\"https:\/\/d-lab.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">MIT D-Lab<\/a>, nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 la Harvest Fuel Initiative, un programme qui cr\u00e9e une communaut\u00e9 de pratique pour les producteurs de briquettes et soutient leurs efforts d&#039;expansion et d&#039;\u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<p id=\"8cc5\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les choix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques des m\u00e9nages affectent les femmes de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e, de nombreuses femmes se tournent vers ce secteur en tant qu&#039;entrepreneures et dirigeantes. Nous int\u00e9grons le soutien aux femmes dans tous nos programmes pour aider \u00e0 surmonter les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s syst\u00e9miques qui compromettent leur r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"lx ly lz ma mb mc lu lv paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"lu lv ms\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:382\/format:webp\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 382w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:382\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png 382w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 191px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg md me c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:191\/1*hHOkMKui73ToBtmiN_uQ6A.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"426\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"mf mg mh lu lv mi mj be b bf z gj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Charity Ogeto, Sinoka Bioenterprise Cooperative, participant \u00e0 l&#039;initiative Harvest Fuel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"a73e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"la ew\">Qu&#039;est-ce qui vous a attir\u00e9 personnellement dans ce probl\u00e8me ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"e587\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu un double master en politiques publiques et en affaires, j&#039;ai commenc\u00e9 ma carri\u00e8re dans le secteur bancaire et travaill\u00e9 avec de grands pr\u00eateurs d&#039;entreprise et dans le capital-investissement. J&#039;ai trouv\u00e9 que je pr\u00e9f\u00e9rais travailler avec de petites entreprises car il \u00e9tait plus facile de sentir que votre travail avait un impact. Cela m&#039;a amen\u00e9e \u00e0 m&#039;int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l&#039;entreprenariat, en particulier pour les femmes, et j&#039;ai finalement pass\u00e9 quatre ans dans un centre d&#039;affaires pour femmes, soutenant et formant des entrepreneurs en herbe.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6acf\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">J&#039;avais pass\u00e9 du temps \u00e0 me concentrer sur la famille et les enfants, mais j&#039;\u00e9tais pr\u00eate \u00e0 retourner dans le monde du travail formel. \u00c9tant devenu de plus en plus ax\u00e9 sur les questions environnementales et le changement climatique, je voulais vraiment me concentrer sur les questions d&#039;\u00e9nergie renouvelable. TCP recherchait quelqu&#039;un avec une exp\u00e9rience en affaires pour mettre en \u0153uvre ses programmes sur le terrain et cela correspondait parfaitement \u00e0 mes int\u00e9r\u00eats en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, de changement climatique, de questions f\u00e9minines et d&#039;entrepreneuriat.<\/p>\n<p id=\"94b8\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"la ew\">Comment voyez-vous l&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois \u00e9voluer au cours de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ec0b\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph ky kz ev la b fu lb lc ld fx le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt eo bj\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Nous voyons l&#039;utilisation du charbon de bois continuer \u00e0 augmenter au cours de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie et au-del\u00e0 avec une croissance pr\u00e9vue jusqu&#039;en 2040. Cependant, cela sera largement d\u00fb \u00e0 la croissance d\u00e9mographique et \u00e0 l&#039;urbanisation. Nous nous attendons \u00e0 ce que les m\u00e9nages conservent le charbon de bois et d&#039;autres formes d&#039;\u00e9nergie ligneuse dans leur m\u00e9lange pour les plats traditionnels au moins, mais leur utilisation diminuera \u00e0 mesure que d&#039;autres formes d&#039;\u00e9nergie plus propres et plus pratiques telles que le gaz et l&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 baisseront. Cela aura un impact positif sur la pollution de l&#039;air des m\u00e9nages m\u00eame si l&#039;augmentation globale exercera encore une pression consid\u00e9rable sur les for\u00eats. \u00c0 mesure que la perte de for\u00eats augmente le prix du charbon de bois, des alternatives telles que les briquettes fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de flux de d\u00e9chets devraient devenir une alternative viable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Source de l&#039;article original\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"ab cm co\">\n<div class=\"l\">\n<div class=\"po l\">\n<p class=\"be b bf z bj\"><span class=\"eo\"><strong>Ayuing\u00e9nieur<\/strong> est un \u00e9crivain ind\u00e9pendant et contributeur \u00e0 des publications ax\u00e9es sur la technologie et les solutions pour les consommateurs \u00e0 faible revenu. Actuellement auteur d&#039;un livre sur les entrepreneurs sociaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@ayuengineer90\/banker-turned-changemaker-solving-the-wicked-problem-of-charcoal-for-cooking-ef254a44ee60\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@ayuengineer90\/banker-turned-changemaker-solving-the-wicked-problem-of-charcoal-for-cooking-ef254a44ee60<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article posted in The Medium, Ayuengineer\u00a0interviews Sylvia Herzog, Director of The Charcoal Project: An interview with Sylvia Herzog, Director of The Charcoal Project University of California Berkeley professors Melvin Webber and Horst Rittel published a seminal paper in 1973 describing \u2018wicked problems\u2019. They theorized that these are complex and challenging issues that defy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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