{"id":8731,"date":"2020-11-16T19:00:18","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T19:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/?p=8731"},"modified":"2020-11-16T21:55:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T21:55:04","slug":"tanzanias-war-on-charcoal-harms-everyone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/fr\/tanzanias-war-on-charcoal-harms-everyone\/","title":{"rendered":"La \u00ab guerre contre le charbon de bois \u00bb en Tanzanie nuit \u00e0 tout le monde"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>How Tanzania&#8217;s &#8216;War on Charcoal&#8217; harms people and the environment<\/h1>\n<p>A World Bank study from a few years ago concluded that Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanzania, consumed the equivalent of 16 olympic-sized swimming pools of wood charcoal every day. Added end to end, our back of the\u00a0envelope calculation concluded this was enough charcoal to connect Paris and London. What\u2019s more, the study found that the country\u2019s charcoal market (circa 2012) exceeded the value of the country\u2019s tea production.<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1AfTc_dLgKjGJhUegYbv1cEb0Rh0NrPo0\/view?usp=sharing\">[See\u00a0Enabling reforms: Analyzing the political economy of the charcoal sector in Tanzania]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Publicly Discouraged, Privately Encouraged<\/h3>\n<p>In 2010, when The Charcoal Project was launched, we were astonished to learn the magnitude of the charcoal market in sub-Saharan Africa and how conflicting national policies contributed to a cognitive dissonance between a country\u2019s dependence on charcoal and the well-intentioned but harmful effects of policies designed to protect the environment.<\/p>\n<p>A study published earlier this year titled, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1I0MvDs-j1b0HxaKCY-33ZfLRXsD_kHxK\/view\"><b><i>The \u2018war on charcoal\u2019 and its paradoxes for Tanzania\u2019s conservation and development,<\/i><\/b><\/a>\u201d by <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=avmB5wkAAAAJ&amp;hl=ko\">Mathew Bukhi Mabele<\/a>, underscores the conflict between Tanzania&#8217;s national policy and the country&#8217;s historic social, environmental, and financial reality.<\/p>\n<p>At its core, the paper argues that the Tanzanian government policy of severely restricting charcoal production and consumption on a national level drives illegal economic activity and curtails a vital source of revenue for community, regional, and the national government.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ve summarized a few of the more notable takeaways below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8735\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8735\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tfcg.org\/what-we-do\/develop\/coforest\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/charcoal_bags-300x187.jpg\" alt=\"war on charcoal\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">TFCG CoForEST Project in Tanzania<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Antiquated policies rooted in colonial views of forest management.<\/b>\u00a0Early 20th century Europe-centric views on forest management were incorporated into national forest management policies that do not take into account the traditional production and consumption of charcoal. Current forest policies do not consider the possibility that charcoal can be sustainably produced in a way that also protects nature and improve livelihoods.<\/li>\n<li><b>District and national budgets depend on revenue collection from production and sales, yet actively suppress the role charcoal plays in the economy.<\/b> This is one of the most vexing policies shared by multiple countries in the region. Essentially, the country ignores the magnitude of the charcoal market while also depending on its revenue. Indeed, charcoal contributes more to the national tax revenue than other types of timber products, according to studies cited in Bukhi Mabele&#8217;s paper.<\/li>\n<li><b>Countries can legislate charcoal out of existence but they\u2019re only creating more problems. <\/b>The reality is that charcoal consumption is expected to increase over the coming decades. And until societies are wealthy enough to switch to more \u201cmodern\u201d fuels, countries will continue to depend on charcoal for a substantial amount of their nation\u2019s energy needs. Imposing severe restrictions on production and sales of charcoal only hurts producers and consumers, lines the pockets of black- and grey-market traders, and reduces legitimate income for local, regional, and national authorities.<\/li>\n<li><b>Charcoal can be sustainably produced in ways that benefit nature and people. <\/b>Two NGOs in\n<figure id=\"attachment_8736\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8736\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tfcg.org\/what-we-do\/develop\/coforest\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Photo-3-1024x683-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"war on charcoal\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">CoForEST project includes managing sustainable charcoal and timber.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Tanzania (<a href=\"https:\/\/tatedo.or.tz\">TaTedo<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tfcg.org\/what-we-do\/develop\/coforest\/\">TFCG<\/a>) have proven that community-based forest management can yield healthy forests, better quality charcoal, improve revenue for the producers, and funding for local social development projects.\u00a0This particular point is especially important as the planet struggles to protect its forestry assets based on the role they play in trapping CO2. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2016\/11\/indigenous-peoples-and-local-communities-are-worlds-secret-weapon-curbing-climate\">studies show<\/a> that forests that are owned and managed by traditional territorial communities are healthier, capture more CO2, and have higher indices of biodiversity than even national protected areas.\u00a0The view that forests are best protected by closing them off to all types of human activity is antiquated, rooted in colonial perspectives, and detrimental to forests and humans alike.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Key Take-a-ways<\/h3>\n<p>Conflicting policies means the Tanzania national government depends on revenue from charcoal sales to fill national coffers. \u00a0Yet the government imposes severe restrictions on production, trade, and use of the fuel. Fortunately, solutions exist.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tanzania\u2019s government has a love-hate relationship with charcoal. Unfortunately, this schizophrenia extends to other parts of the continent.<\/li>\n<li>This study points to two projects that prove that forests managed responsibly can yield benefits for nature, producers, communities, and, even the government.<\/li>\n<li>A sustainable charcoal operation in the country\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miombo\"><i>miombo<\/i> woodlands<\/a> has proven that community-based forest\n<figure id=\"attachment_8744\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8744\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8744\" src=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Map-of-African-vegetation-showing-the-Miombo-woodlands-in-dark-green-Source-White_Q640-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"war on charcoal\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Map-of-African-vegetation-showing-the-Miombo-woodlands-in-dark-green-Source-White_Q640-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Map-of-African-vegetation-showing-the-Miombo-woodlands-in-dark-green-Source-White_Q640-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Map-of-African-vegetation-showing-the-Miombo-woodlands-in-dark-green-Source-White_Q640.jpg 591w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing Miombo woodlands in Africa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>management can generate high quality charcoal with minimal impact to the environment while also generating income for local community projects, like schools and health centers<\/li>\n<li>Tanzania\u2019s (and perhaps much of Africa\u2019s) attitude towards tropical forest management is rooted in antiquated, colonial principles that ignore the ancestral relationship between local communities and healthy forest management<\/li>\n<li>Numerous recent studies show that forests that are owned and managed by local communities are healthier, have more wildlife, and capture more carbon than even national protected area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Overall, it\u2019s time to revisit policies that take into account realities of energy poverty and acknowledge the role that well-managed community-based forestry can play in contributing to the country\u2019s energy balance while also protecting the planet from global warming.<\/p>\n<p>After all, there is a limit to how many olympic-sized swimming pools of charcoal the forests &#8211; and the planet &#8211; can sustain under current policy environments.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.charcoalproject.org\/does-charcoal-have-a-future-in-africa\/\"><strong><em>Related: \u00a0TCP&#8217;s blog post &#8220;Does Charcoal Have a Future in Africa?&#8221;<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Tanzania&#8217;s &#8216;War on Charcoal&#8217; harms people and the environment A World Bank study from a few years ago concluded that Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanzania, consumed the equivalent of 16 olympic-sized swimming pools of wood charcoal every day. Added end to end, our back of the\u00a0envelope calculation concluded this was enough charcoal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[245,268,59],"class_list":["post-8731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-charcoal","tag-conservation","tag-tanzania"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tanzania&#039;s &#039;War on Charcoal&#039; 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